As was already alluded to here, the biggest factor in determining the success of a dug pond is NOT the soil type, but rather the level and quantity of water supply.

In the course of our work we dig and create a LOT of ponds.

In my own yard as an example, I have a small dug pond, it is about 50' round(ish) and about 12' deep in the deepest part (see lower right corner my picture # 1), but it is dug in pure clean sand. In this case the lack of a liner doesn't matter, the water level is the water table in that area. I even pump huge quanities of water from it on a regular basis, the level doesn't move an inch.

Test pits only tell you half the story. Find what if any water supply you have available and how plentiful it is.

Best of luck.

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